In 2021, more than 200 territories in France had launched Smart City or Smart Territory projects (Data Publica and KPMG 2021, p17), a particularly elaborated form of digital transformation for local authorities, combining digitalization trajectories and the will to create value on a territorial scale. The Smart City concept is indeed regularly associated with an ambition to create multidimensional value (Csukas and Szabo 2021). In this sense, several authors have proposed to address it from the perspective of public value theory (Cosgrave et al. 2014; Bolivar 2019; Chatfield et al. 2019).